Modes of action

In Tatar, various verb forms express different modes of action. Here’s a detailed guide to help you understand these nuances: 

Repeating Certain Verb Forms 

a) Verbal Adverbs ending in -a, -ə, -ıy, -i 

These forms are used to emphasize continuous or iterative actions. 

bara-bara (going continuously) 

eşli-eşli (working continuously) 

b) Verbal Adverbs with -p, -ıp, -ep 

Used for actions repeated frequently or continuously. 

qıçqırıp-qıçqırıp (shouting repeatedly) 

eşləp-eşləp (working repeatedly) 

c) Conjugated Verb Forms 

Repeated to express emphatic continuous, constant, or iterative actions. They are mostly connected by the particle (conjunction) da, də, ta, tə. They can also be repeated without these particles and connected by a hyphen in writing. 

yazam da yazam (I write and write) 

Frequentative Verbs with Suffixes 

Frequentative verbs indicate actions that are repeated. These are formed using specific suffixes: 

-ğala, -gələ, -qala, -kələ, -ştır, -şter, -ıştır, -eşter 

a) Regular Repetition: 

barğala (go repeatedly, habitually) 

b) Partial or Incomplete Actions: 

eşlәşter (work a bit) 

Passive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs can also be turned into modes of action: 

passive: işetelgəli (is repeatedly heard, audible) 

reflexive: qızıqsınğalıy (always remains interested) 

reciprocal: yazışqalıylar (they write to each other repeatedly)